A Brave Vessel: The True Tale of the Castaways Who Rescued Jamestown and Inspired Shakespeare'sThe Tempest (37 page)

“An honest old”: cast list,
ARD
, 140. “Roaring,” “a hell of,” “the sea swelled,” “at length did”:
PIL
, 4:1735 (
NAR
, 384-85). “Put the wild,” “stinking pitch,” “the sea, mounting,” “dashes the fire”: 1.2.2-5,
ARD
, 149. Parallel stormy sky passages: Bullough,
Sources
, 8:240; Cawley, “Use,” 691; Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 56. Blackfriars stage effects: Gurr, “
Tempest
’s,” 95; Nagler,
Stage
, 97. Shakespeare’s “sulphurous” and “stinking pitch” lines evoke stage effects:
ARD
, 149, 163. Strachey uses “amazement”:
PIL
, 4:1735-37 (
NAR
, 384, 386, 389). Shakespeare uses “amazement”: 1.2.14, 1.2.198, 5.1.104,
ARD
, 150, 163, 270. Parallel “amazement” passages: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 54; Cawley, “Use,” 692; Bullough,
Sources
, 8:240. Ariel’s likely costume: Egan, “Costume,” 63; Law, “Produced,” 161-62; Saenger, “Costumes”; Demaray,
Spectacles
, 71, 78.

“I boarded,” “all but mariners”: 1.2.196-201, 210-15,
ARD
, 162-64. “Make many constructions,” “an apparition”:
PIL
, 4:1737 (
NAR
, 388-89). Parallel St. Elmo’s fire/Ariel passages: Bullough,
Sources
, 8:240; Brockbank, “Conventions,” 187; Bailey, “Founders,” 9; Brown,
Republic
, 114. Science of St. Elmo’s fire: Schonland,
Thunderbolts
, 44-48, 61, 92, 146; Barry,
Weather
, 355. Nautical maneuvers in
Tempest
: Allen, “Shakespeare’s.” “Safely in harbour”: 1.2.226-29,
ARD
, 165. Analysis of
Tempest
Bermuda reference: Vaughan and Vaughan,
ARD
, 165; Bullough,
Sources
, 8:266; Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 59; Kathman, “Dating.” Interpretation of Ariel’s line to mean
Tempest
ship is hidden in a place
from which
Ariel was sent to Bermuda and not one
on
Bermuda: Stoll, “Fallacies,” 487; Knapp,
Empire
, 220-21.

Bermuda’s reputation as a Devil’s Isle influenced crafting of
Tempest
: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 54; Kathman, “Dating.” Word “devil” used a dozen times in
Tempest
: Kathman, “Dating.” Parallel enchanted island passages: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 54; Bullough,
Sources
, 8:240, 243; Cawley, “Use,” 696-98, 705; Vaughan and Vaughan in
ARD
, 41-42; Brockbank, “Conventions,” 184-85, 189-90. “Shut up hatches”:
PIL
, 4:1737 (
NAR
, 390). “They were so overwearied,” “fallen asleep”: Jourdain,
DIS
, 6 (
VOY
, 106-7). “The mariners all,” “to the King’s ship,” “we were dead”: 1.2.230-32, 5.1.97-99, 5.1.230-31,
ARD
, 165, 269, 278. Parallel sleepy mariner passages: Bullough,
Sources
, 8:240; Brockbank, “Conventions,” 189; Cawley, “Use,” 695-96. “The rest o’th’ fleet”: 1.2.232-37,
ARD
, 165-66. Parallel fleet unification passages: Salingar, “World,” 213-14; Kathman, “Dating.” “Sadly up the river”:
PIL
, 4:1748 (
NAR
, 419).

“A savage”: cast list,
ARD
, 140. Caliban’s likely costume: Saenger, “Costumes”; Demaray,
Spectacles
, 71. Terms used to describe Caliban in
Tempest
:
ARD
, 216, 225-26, 280-83. “Tortoise”: 1.2.317,
ARD
, 172; “a man or a fish”: 2.2.24-25, 208; “half a fish”: 3.2.28, 226; “legged like a man”: 2.2.32-33, 208-9; “mooncalf”: 2.2.105, 109, 132-33 and 3.2.20-21, 213, 214, 226. “A kind of meat,” “feeding upon sea-grass”:
PIL
, 4:1741 (
NAR
, 400). Parallel sea turtle and moon passages: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 60; Cawley, “Use,” 717; Kathman, “Dating.” “Wouldst give me”: 1.2.334-35,
ARD
, 173. “The berries whereof”:
PIL
, 4:1739 (
NAR
, 395). Parallel berry drink passages: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 60; Cawley, “Use,” 709; Bullough,
Sources
, 8:240; Kathman, “Dating.” “Upon the coast”:
PIL
, 4:1735 (
NAR
, 386). Strachey’s voyage to Turkey: Culliford,
Strachey
, 68-70. Sycorax’s banishment from Algiers: 1.2.260-66,
ARD
, 167-68. Parallel Algiers passages: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 58.

“Powhatan, understanding,” “most trusty messenger”:
SMI
, 1:93-95 (“nonpareil” repeated:
SMI
, 1:274). “And that most deeply”: 3.2.98-103,
ARD
, 230; “a savage”: cast list, 140. Parallel “nonpareil” and Rawhunt passages: Luce in Shakespeare,
Tempest
(1901), 159-60; Knapp,
Empire
, 337-38; Vaughan and Vaughan,
ARD
, 230. Bullough,
Sources
, 8:241, rejects link between Pocahontas and Miranda. Cooke in his 1885 novel
My Lady Pocahontas
has a fictionalized Pocahontas attend a performance of
The Tempest
at the Globe (there is no evidence that she actually did so), see Mossiker,
Pocahontas
, 266-67. “No more dams”: 2.2.176,
ARD
, 217 (a footnote cautions that weirs were also used in England). Analysis of Caliban’s statement on dams: Kupperman,
Project
, 249-50. “When they will not,” “were I in England”: 2.2.27-29, 31-32,
ARD
, 208 (a footnote cautions that Trinculo may also have meant he would have an advertising sign painted). Analysis of Caliban as New World man: Hamlin, “Inde,” 23-26, 36-37. Ferdinando Weynman mentioned:
PIL
, 4:1752, 1754 (
NAR
, 427, 433). Parallel Ferdinand/Ferdinando names: Frey, “Tempest,” 38. “Wooden slavery,” “for your sake”: 3.1.62, 3.1.66-67,
ARD
, 222-23. “To fell, carry”:
PIL
, 4:1743 (
NAR
, 404). “Full fathom five”: 1.2.397-402,
ARD
, 178. Parallel undersea passages: Salingar, “World,” 210: Hayward,
Bermuda
, 119.

“Such stuff”: 4.1.156-57,
ARD
, 254. Remora story:
PIL
, 4:1736 (
NAR
, 388). “What strange fish”: 2.1.113-14,
ARD
, 191. Franciso suggests Ferdinand survived: 2.1.114-23,
ARD
, 191-92; “have more widows”: 2.1.133-35, 192; “uninhabitable”: 2.1.40, 188. Parallel “inaccessible” and “uninhabitable” passages: Cawley, “Use,” 702; Kathman, “Dating.” “Some monster”: 2.2.64-65,
ARD
, 211; “pied ninny,” “scurvy patch”: 3.2.61, 228. Background on Trinculo descriptions:
ARD
, 140, 142, 228. Parallel Stephen/Stephano names: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 63-65; Cawley, “Use,” 715; Kennedy,
Isle
, 62. “Many a butt”:
PIL
, 4:1737 (
NAR
, 389) (the
Sea Venture
casks were emptied over the side while the
Tempest
casks went overboard whole). “I escaped upon”: 2.2.118-20,
ARD
, 213-14. Parallel cask passages: Bullough,
Sources
, 8:267; Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 61; Cawley, “Use,” 690.

“Get thee young”: 2.2.168-69,
ARD
, 217. “Sea-mew”:
PIL
, 4:1740 (
NAR
, 398). “Scamel” possible misprint of “seamel”: Holland in Shakespeare,
Tempest
(Pelican), 45.
Tempest
only known use of the word “scamel” (with the exception of “doubtful” 1866 reference):
Oxford English Dictionary
. Parallel “sea-mews”/“scamels” passages: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 60; Cawley, “Use,” 711; Bullough,
Sources
, 8:240. “Bat-fowling”: 2.1.185,
ARD
, 197. “Lowbelling”:
PIL
, 4:1741 (
NAR
, 399). Parallel “bat-fowling”/“lowbelling” passages: Vaughan and Vaughan,
ARD
, 197; Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 60; Cawley, “Use,” 711. “Hollow burst”: 2.1.312-13,
ARD
, 206; “be not afeard”: 3.2.135-38, 232; “strange and several”: 5.1.232-34, 278.

“Bloody issues,” “desire forever”:
PIL
, 4:1743, 1745 (
NAR
, 404, 410). “Bloody thoughts”: 4.1.220-21,
ARD
, 258; “let me live here”: 4.1.122, 251; “had I plantation”: 2.1.144, 193. Parallel mutineer motivations passages: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 61; Bullough,
Sources
, 8:240; Kathman, “Dating”; Cawley, “Use,” 713. Ariel similar to English indentured servants: Holland in Shakespeare,
Tempest
(Pelican), xxxi. Caliban similar to Bermuda mutineers: Brockbank, “Conventions,” 196. “Had I plantation,” “Golden Age,” “no occupation,” “everything advantageous,” “true, save means,” “all idle—whores”: 2.1.52-53, 144, 155-57, 167, 169,
ARD
, 188, 193, 195, 196. Shakespeare’s use of Montaigne: Vaughan and Vaughan in
ARD
, 193; Bullough,
Sources
, 8:243, 255; Ebner, “Ideal,” 161, 164-68, 173. Parallels between Gonzalo’s speech (and his mocking colleagues) and Virginia Company’s publications (and the company’s critics): Marx,
Machine
, 36-66; Vaughan and Vaughan,
ARD
, 4-5; Holland in Shakespeare,
Tempest
(Pelican), xxix-xxx; Cheyfitz,
Poetics
, 67-68; Knapp,
Empire
, 221-22; Gillies, “Masque,” 682-83; Hamlin,
Image
, 118-24.

Prospero and Caliban threaten to force others to drink brine: 1.2.463, 3.2.64- 65,
ARD
, 182, 228. “Fens, marshes”:
PIL
, 4:1740 (
NAR
, 398). “All the infections”: 2.2.1-3,
ARD
, 207; “filthy-mantled”: 4.1.182, 256; “I do smell”: 4.1.199, 257. Parallel contaminated water passages: Gillies, “Masque,” 684, 691; Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 59-60; Cawley, “Use,” 702, 708; Kathman, “Dating.” “A low level”:
PIL
, 4:1752 (
NAR
, 428-29).
Tempest
debate on Queen Dido: 2.1.77-102,
ARD
, 189-91. Parallel Dido passages: Cawley, “Use,” 706; Kathman, “Dating”; Salingar, “World,” 209-10.

Musical instruments used during Shakespeare’s plays: Lindley,
Music
, 235- 39. “Strange and solemn,” “several strange,” “gentle actions”: stage directions before 3.3.18,
ARD
, 235; harpy scene: 3.3.53-82, 238-40. Levitation machines and trick tables, “a bucket into”: Demaray,
Spectacles
, 66, 76-91, 97-98, 155, 160-61.
Tempest
goddesses section: 4.1.60-138,
ARD
, 246-53; Jonson on “sitting in a throne”: 68; “Juno descends”: stage direction before 4.1.73, 248; “sunburned sicklemen”: 4.1.134, 252; “reapers properly,” “to a strange hollow”: stage directions after 4.1.138, 253; “glistering apparel”: stage direction after 4.1.193, 257. Spangled costumes likely used: Demaray,
Spectacles
, 78. “Two suits of apparel”:
PIL
, 4:1745 (
NAR
, 410). Parallel two suits passages: Gayley,
Shakespeare
, 61-62; Kathman, “Dating.” “The murmuring”:
PIL
, 4:1746 (
NAR
, 411). “A noise of hunters”: stage direction before 4.1.255,
ARD
, 261; “you sty me”: 1.2.343, 174. Parallel hogs/“sty” passages: Bristol,
Shakespeare
, 88.
Tempest
chess scene: 5.1.172-77,
ARD
, 274-75.

Parallel Gates/Prospero passages: Marx,
Machine
, 34-36; Bullough,
Sources
, 8:242, 272, 273; Cheyfitz,
Poetics
, 67; Fulton, “Pamphlets,” 5-7; Brockbank, “Conventions,” 186-87. Gates’s reaction to Blunt killing:
PIL
, 4:1755 (
NAR
, 434-35). Parallel between Gates’s reaction to Blunt and Prospero interaction with Caliban: Mowat in Shakespeare,
Tempest
(New Folger Library), 193-94; Kathman, “Dating”; Berger, “Miraculous,” 261-62. “Thou most lying”: 1.2.345-49,
ARD
, 174. Parallel between Shakespeare’s biography and Prospero’s speech: McGinn,
Philosophy
, 143-46, 150; Greenblatt,
Will
, 372-73. “The solemn temples”: 4.1.153-56,
ARD
, 254. “I have both in”: Strachey,
For the Colony
(1612), v (1969 edition, 3).

“Our revels”: 4.1.148,
ARD
, 253. Strachey’s attempts to find a patron: Barbour,
Three
, 302. Strachey’s literary debt to John Smith: Barbour in
SMI
, 1:124-25. Strachey biography, “this last dismal,” “my hour is come”: Culliford,
Strachey
, 128, 130, 133, 140-41. Additional Strachey biography: Wright in
VOY
, xvii; Haile in
NAR
, 62-63. Performance of
Tempest
at Princess Elizabeth’s wedding: Law, “Produced,” 164; Bullough,
Sources
, 8:237; Demaray,
Spectacles
, 80. “The malicious”: Johnson,
Life
, 4. Analysis of Johnson’s statement: Salingar, “World,” 210- 11; Nuzum, “Company,” 17. Contemporary audiences would have recognized New World theme of
Tempest
: Lee, “Visits,” 342; Lindley in Shakespeare,
Tempest
(New Cambridge) [43].

Shakespeare’s life during
Tempest
period: Greenblatt,
Will
, 373, 378-79; Chute,
Shakespeare
, 298-99; Gurr, “
Tempest
’s,” 93-94. “Gentlemanlike”: Chute,
Shakespeare
, 298. Shakespeare’s purchase of Blackfriars gatehouse: Greenblatt,
Will
, 379; Chute,
Shakespeare
, 306; Bradbrook,
Shakespeare
, 226; Fraser,
Shakespeare
, 250. Globe fire description, “some of the paper,” marriages of Shakespeare’s daughters: Greenblatt,
Will
, 379-80; Bradbrook,
Shakespeare
, 222-23, 225. Parallels between Shakespeare and daughters and Prospero and Miranda: McGinn,
Philosophy
, 145, 147; Bradbrook,
Shakespeare
, 224-25. Shakespeare’s will and death, “Shakespeare, [poet Michael] Drayton”: Greenblatt,
Will
, 384-88. Importance of the First Folio: Demaray,
Spectacles
, 1-3. “He was not of”: Jonson in Shakespeare,
Mr. William Shakespeares
(First Folio) [vi].

Chapman’s Virginia play: Gillies, “Masque,” 673-74; Demaray,
Spectacles
, 94, 112-16. “If there be never,” “he is loth to”: Jonson in
ARD
, 7-8. “O, I, moon-calves!”: Jonson in Demaray,
Spectacles
, 119-20. Fletcher’s
Sea Voyage
, Taylor the Water Poet: McMullan,
Unease
, 197-99, 240-43; Kennedy, “Significance,” 28-32, 35. Analysis of Taylor’s poetry, “Epitaph in the Barmooda,” “Epitaph in the Utopian,” “Caleb Quishquash”: Malcolm,
Origins
, 19, 140-41.