Gulag (101 page)
TEXT AND
ILLUSTRATlON PERMISSIONS
Text
Unless otherwise indicated, all translations are the author’s own. Every effort has been made to find copyright holders. The author and publishers welcome any additions or corrections.
W.W. Norton: from “The Son Does Not Answer for the Father,” by Alexander Tvardovsky, translated by Vera Dunham; from “Children of the Cult,” by Andrei Voznesensky, tranlated by Vera Dunham; from “The Lower Camp,” by Elana Vladimirovca, translated by Vera Dunham; from “Stalin is Not Dead,” by Boris Chichibabin, translated by Vera Dunham; from
An End to Silence:
Uncensored Opinion in the Soviet Union from Roy Medvedev’s Underground Magazine Political Diary
, edited by Stephen F. Cohen, translated by George Saunders. Copyright © 1982 by W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. Used by permission of W.W. Norton and Company, Inc.
Leonid Sitko: “I was a soldier, now I’m a convict” and “There were four roads,” from
Tiazhest
Sveta
. Copyright © 1996. Used by permission of Leonid Sitko.
Polska Fundacja Kulturalna: “Willow Trees in Alma-Ata,” from Gułag Polskich Poetów, Copyright © 2001 by Polska Fundacja Kulturalna. Used by permission of Polska Fundacja Kulturalna. “Good-bye to the Camp,” from Gułag Polskich Poetów, Copyright © 2001 by Polska Fundacja Kulturalna. Used by permission of Polska Fundacja Kulturalna.
Vozvraschenie: “What Does It Mean—Exhaustion?” from
Memoria
by Nina Gagen-Torn, Copyright © 1994, Vozvraschenie. Used by permission of Vozvraschenie and Galina Gagen-Torn. “Even our wives didn’t feel sorry for us,” by Yuri Dombrovsky, from
Menya Khoteli Ubit, Eti Suki
, Copyright © 1997, Vozvraschenie. Used by permission of Vozvraschenie and Klara Dombrovskaya. “In the Prison-Camp Barracks,” by Anna Barkova, from
Dodnes Tiagoteet
, Copyright © Sovetskii Pisatel. Used by permission of Vozvraschenie.
Simeon Vilensky: “The Sound of a Distant Bell,” 1948. Used by permission of Simeon Vilensky.
“Requiem 1935–1940,” from
Poems of Akhmatova
, by Anna Akhmatova. Translated by Stanley Kunitz and Max Hayward. Copyright © 1967 by Stanley Kunitz and Max Hayward. Used by permission of Darhansoff, Verrill, Feldman Literary Agents.
Excerpt from
Prison Poems
, by Yuli Daniel. Translated by David Burg and Arthur Boyars. Copyright © 1971 by David Burg and Arthur Boyars. Used by permission of Marion Boyars Publishers.
“The Statue’s Sundered Plinth,” by Alexander Tvardovksy. Translated by George Reavey. From
The New Russian Poets: 1953–1968; an Anthology
by George Reavey. Copyright © 1981 by George Reavey. Used by permission of Marion Boyars Publishers.
Varlam Shalamov: “Toast to the Ayan Uryakh River” and “To a Poet” used by permission of Iraida Sirotinskaya. “I am poor, alone and naked,” from
Neskolko Moikh Zhizn
, copyright © 1996 by Respublika, used by permission of Iraida Sirotinskaya.
Illustrations
Collection of Yuri Brodksy: photographs 2a,
2
b, 3a, 3b.
Memorial Society: photographs 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, 12a. Drawings by Benjamin Mkrtchyan, Ivan Sukhanov, Sergei Reikhenberg, Yula-Imar Sooster, and Aleksei Merekov.
The David King Collection: photographs 6a, 6b, 11a, opposite title page.
GARF: photographs 7b, 9b, 11b, 12b, 13a, 13b, 15a, 16a, 16b, cover.
KARTA Society: photographs 8a, 8b, 8c, 9a, 10a, 10b.
The Hoover Institution: photographs 14a, 14b. Drawings by Thomas Sgovio.
Anne Applebaum
GULAG
Anne Applebaum is a columnist and member of the editorial board of
The
Washington Post
. A graduate of Yale and a Marshall Scholar, she has worked as the foreign and deputy editor of the
Spectator
(London), as the Warsaw correspondent for
The Economist
, and as a columnist for the online magazine
Slate,
as well as for several British newspapers. Her work has also appeared in
The New York Review of Books
,
Foreign Affairs
, and
The Wall Street
Journal
, among many other publications. Applebaum lives in Washington, D.C., with her husband, Radek Sikorski, and two children.
Also by Anne Applebaum
Between East and West:
Across the Borderlands of Europe
FIRST ANCHOR BOOKS EDITION, MAY 2004
Copyright © 2003 by Anne Applebaum
Anchor Books and colophon are registered trademarks Random House, Inc.
The Library of Congress has cataloged the Doubleday edition as follows:
Applebaum, Anne, 1964–
Gulag: a history / Anne Applebaum.— 1st ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
1. Concentration camps—Soviet Union—History.
2. Forced labor—Soviet Union—History.
3. Prisons—Soviet Union—History.
4. Soviet Union—Politics and government.
I. Title.
HV8964.S65 A67 2003
365’.45’094709041—dc21 2002041344
eISBN: 978-0-307-42612-3
v3.0